![]() ![]() The business still exists as part of the HarperCollins publishing group.Ĭollins was closely involved in the success of the continental Albatross Books, which stimulated the creation of Penguin Books in 1935, launching the paperback revolution in the UK. The Collins Crime Club was launched in 1930, publishing many of the most popular and most influential crime authors of the twentieth century, including Agatha Christie. It moved into publishing, specialising to start with in religious and educational books, but it eventually found success in fiction and particularly in crime fiction. Richard Long: Walking in Circles, exhibition catalogue, South Bank Centre, London 1991ĭoes this text contain inaccurate information or language that you feel we should improve or change? We would like to hear from you.William Collins, Sons & Co., publisher of the White Circle series of paperbacks, had its roots in Glasgow in the 19th Century as a printer of bibles. Fuchs, Richard Long, exhibition catalogue, Solomon R. It is where my human characteristics meet the natural forces and patterns of the world, and that is really the kind of subject of my work’ (quoted in Richard Long: Walking in Circles, p.250).įurther reading: Monique Beudert, Sean Rainbird, Contemporary Art: The Janet Wolfson de Botton Gift, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, London 1998, p.9, reproduced (colour) p.37 a balance between the patterns of nature and the formalism of human, abstract ideas like lines and circles. As he has explained, ‘you could say that my work is. I’m a realist.’ (Quoted in Richard Long: Walking in Circles, p.45.) Bringing together the unevenly shaped pebbles in the geometric structure of the circles, the sculpture illustrates a theme common in Long’s work, the relationship between man and nature. It’s enough to use stones as stones, for what they are. I use stones because I like stones or because they’re easy to find, without being anything special, so common you can find them anywhere. There are millions of stones in the world, and when I make a sculpture, all I do is just take a few of those stones and bring them together and put them in a circle and show you. He has commented: ‘everything has its right place in the world. Long has picked up and arranged stones on his walks in many of the world’s most remote locations. Stone is one of the earliest materials used by man, to fashion tools, construct dwellings, create monuments and to mark territory. It is not known where the pebbles in Small White Pebble Circles come from. Later works, like Norfolk Flint Circle 1990 ( T06483) and South Bank Circle 1991 ( T07159), are solid circles made on the floor using larger stones acquired from quarries. Circle of Sticks 1973 (Tate T01783) is a circle composed of seventy-six twigs from Leigh Woods, near Bristol (Long’s home), laid end to end on the gallery floor, delineating the outline of a circle. Here, as on his walks, he lays them in such geometric configurations as circles, straight lines, crosses and square-shaped spirals. ![]() As well as arranging objects encountered on his walks at points along the way, Long has brought such organic elements as sticks and stones into gallery and museum spaces. Since 1967 he has based his art on the action of walking in a natural landscape. Circular outlines, circular spirals, solid circles and concentric rings have subsequently featured frequently in his work. In an early work, England 1967 (Anthony D’Offay, London), Long arranged concentric circles using segments of plywood painted white on an area of grassland. Long has specified that there should be an even density of stones in each circle, writing, in his installation instructions, ‘the whole work should look balanced and circular’ ( Small White Pebble Circles certificate, gallery records, Tate Archives, London). The surfaces are then smoothed with the fingertips. ![]() To make this work, the pebbles, of roughly even size (between fifteen and twenty-five centimetres wide), are poured in one or two layers in between circles drawn on the floor. The outer circle is two metres in diameter. The rings are ten centimetres wide and ten centimetres apart, radiating out from a central space twenty centimetres in diameter. This is a sculpture comprising five concentric rings of white marble pebbles laid on the floor. ![]()
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